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Household Multi-Layer Granular Media Filter (Bottle Biofilter)

Membranes & Advanced FiltrationEst. CapEx: Low-cost / Locally fabricated


Technical Overview

A simple, low-cost water filtration device built from a recycled plastic bottle layered with coffee filters, cotton, sand, gravel, rice, and activated charcoal. Intended for educational programs, emergency preparedness, and household pre-filtration, it demonstrates core environmental engineering principles using locally available materials.


Key Specifications & Engineering Parameters

Parameter Specification
Category Membranes & Advanced Filtration
Capital Cost Low-cost / Locally fabricated
Primary Mechanism Dirty water is gravity-fed through an inverted bottle funnel. Gravel and rice act as coarse pre-filters trapping large debris; cotton balls and coffee filters slow flow and capture fine particulates; sand layers physically strain smaller particles by size exclusion; and activated charcoal adsorbs certain dissolved chemicals and impurities, yielding visibly cleaner water.
Target Scale Household / Village Cluster
Standard Lifespan 10 - 20 Years

Cross-Reference & Interactive Tools

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