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Low-Cost Field Water Quality Testing

Reliable water testing in remote rural settings without electricity or refrigeration is critical for monitoring.

1. Hydrogen Sulfide ($H_2S$) Presence/Absence Vials

  • Principle: Fecal coliforms produce hydrogen sulfide gas in an iron-rich nutrient broth, forming an unmistakable jet-black precipitate within 24–48 hours at ambient room temperature.
  • Cost: ~$0.50 – $1.00 USD per vial.

2. Membrane Filtration Incubators (Wagtech / DelAgua)

  • Portable battery-powered incubators filtering 100mL of water through a 0.45-micron membrane onto growth broth to enumerate E. coli colonies.